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中国商务部和科技部正在考虑将用于生产硅锭和硅片（太阳能电池板的组成部分）的先进技术列入受出口管制的技术清单。
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如果该计划被采纳，中国的太阳能制造商将需要从他们的省级商务部门获得许可证来出口这些技术。
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中国几乎占据了全球所有的太阳能硅锭和硅片生产，以及制造过程中使用的大部分设备。
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中国在太阳能电池板行业的主导地位令美国、印度和欧洲的政策制定者感到震惊，他们有雄心勃勃的计划来增加其能源组合中的太阳能发电量。
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据估计，中国公司控制了全球太阳能制造供应链的80%，并生产了制造太阳能电池板及其组件所需的全部设备的近一半。
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美国最近通过了鼓励建立太阳能制造设施的立法，各公司因此宣布了数十亿美元的工厂投资。
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白宫去年对向中国出口半导体施加了广泛的限制，这有可能破坏中国的技术野心。
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中国控制太阳能技术出口的计划很可能是为了确保中国在太阳能领域的主导地位，扰乱其他国家建立自己的供应链的努力，而不是作为对美国半导体限制的报复。
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中国的计划不会像美国的芯片控制那样具有破坏性，因为太阳能制造不需要相同的精度，而且美国拥有最终制造中国提议控制的机器的技术。
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China’s Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology are considering adding advanced technology used in the production of ingots and wafers (building blocks of solar panels) to a list of technologies that are subject to export controls.
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If the plan is adopted, Chinese solar manufacturers would need to obtain a license from their provincial commerce authorities to export such technologies.
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China accounts for nearly all of solar ingot and wafer production globally, as well as much of the equipment used in the manufacturing process.
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Chinese dominance of the solar-panel industry has alarmed policy makers in the U.S., India, and Europe, who have ambitious plans to increase the amount of solar power in their energy mixes.
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Chinese companies control an estimated 80% of the global supply chain for solar manufacturing and produce nearly half of all the equipment needed to manufacture solar panels and their components.
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The U.S. has recently passed legislation that encourages the build-out of solar-manufacturing facilities and companies have announced billions of dollars in factory investment as a result.
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The White House imposed broad restrictions on semiconductor exports to China last year, which threaten to undermine China’s technological ambitions.
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The Chinese plans to control solar technology exports are most likely designed to secure China’s dominance in the solar sector and disrupt other countries’ efforts to build their own supply chains, not as retaliation for the U.S. semiconductor restrictions.
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The Chinese plans won’t be as damaging as the U.S. chip controls because solar manufacturing doesn’t require the same level of precision, and the U.S. has the know-how to eventually build the machines China is proposing to control.
链接：New China Rule Threatens to Disrupt U.S. Solar Ambitions - WSJ