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欧洲与新疆的接触是有问题的，没有明确的目标或结果
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接触是建立关系、相互理解和事实调查的需要，但在影响中国的人权政策方面可能并不有效。
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批评和接触应以其结果来衡量，但在习近平的领导下，中国很可能把批评看作是一种黑白分明的标记朋友和敌人的做法。
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针对国际媒体的报道，中国已经改变了一些策略，但自2005年以来，中国没有允许任何联合国特别报告员进入新疆。
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如果能促使在该地区投资的外国公司进行游说，对其施加压力是有效的，而象征性的行动对声援维吾尔人也很重要
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来自新疆的消息零零散散，凸显了外交策略的一个基本问题–有效的谈判需要传达行动要求，并辅以威胁或激励，以及核实行动的手段。
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European engagement with Xinjiang is problematic, with no clear goals or outcomes
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Engagement is required for relationship-building, mutual understanding and fact-finding but may not be effective in influencing China’s policies on human rights
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Criticism and engagement should be measured by their results, but under Xi Jinping’s leadership, China is likely to see criticism as a black-and-white exercise in marking friends and foes
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China has changed some of its tactics in response to international media coverage but has not given access to Xinjiang to any UN special rapporteurs since 2005
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Pressure on foreign companies that invest in the region is effective if it can push them to lobby, and symbolic action is also important to show solidarity with Uyghurs
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The patchiness of news from Xinjiang highlights a fundamental problem with diplomatic strategies - effective negotiation requires communicating a demand for action, backed up with a threat or incentive as well as a means of verifying the action.