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习近平已承诺帮助恢复停滞不前的伊朗核协议，该协议最初于2015年达成，包含对伊朗铀浓缩计划的限制，以换取国际制裁的解除。这受到了华盛顿的谨慎欢迎，但观察家们警告说，由于北京和德黑兰的关系处于低谷，这位中国领导人的成功可能有限。
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在访问北京期间，习近平和伊朗总统Ebrahim Raisi同意加强经济关系，伊朗希望说服中国重启开发伊拉克边境附近一个重要油田的工作。他们发表了一份联合声明，呼吁解除对伊朗的制裁，作为重启谈判的一个关键部分，同时习近平接受了访问伊朗的邀请。
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中国批评华盛顿退出该协议，并坚持认为美国应该在恢复该协议方面先行一步，德黑兰也持相同观点。北京可能会坚持这一立场，因为习近平恢复协议的努力能否成功，取决于美国和伊朗的合作。
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美国国务院发言人Ned Price呼吁中国向伊朗发出信号，表明其破坏稳定的活动不会得到奖励。Bourse and Bazaar Foundation的政策研究员Jacopo Scita认为，中国的言论与其对伊朗协议的立场一致，美国希望中国能敦促伊朗重新加入JCPOA。
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伊朗外交政策专家Ali Ahmadi认为，由于中美关系紧张，中国不是促进重启谈判的理想人选。由于美国在伊朗发生大规模抗议活动后拒绝重启核谈判，这使得谈判何时或是否会进行变得不明确，这使情况变得更加复杂。
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中国和美国在伊朗协议问题上一直存在分歧，美国期望中国能向伊朗施压，使其重新加入《联合政治协议》。然而，中美关系紧张，美国在伊朗发生大规模抗议活动后拒绝重启核谈判，这使得谈判何时或是否会进行尚不清楚。
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伊朗谈判小组顾问穆罕默德-马兰迪在被问及中国国家主席习近平的讲话时，将责任推给了美国。伊朗事务专家Abd al-Rasool Divsalar认为，中国在推动谈判方面的作用可能 “非常有限”，重启会议需要与美国和欧洲国家进行会谈和磋商。
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中国自己与伊朗的关系一直很紧张，习近平访问伊朗的敌人沙特阿拉伯就证明了这一点，两人将德黑兰描述为地区恐怖组织的支持者以及弹道导弹和无人机的扩散者。以美国为首的西方国家对德黑兰的制裁仍将是实施2021年签署的中国-伊朗全面战略伙伴关系的绊脚石。
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伊朗渴望利用本周的访问，让中国不要离长期以来的中立承诺太远，并避免美国对参与伊朗石油出口的公司（包括设在中国的几家）实施进一步制裁。
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中国国有能源巨头中石化尚未再次承诺开发伊朗南部的亚达瓦兰油田。
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亚达瓦兰油田估计有30亿桶的可采石油。
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中石化最初在2007年参与了该油田的开发，但在美国和欧洲公司因核协议而对伊朗实施制裁后，中石化暂停了其参与。
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亚达瓦兰油田可以为渴求能源的中国提供急需的资源。
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然而，由于对伊朗的制裁，中石化尚未对该项目重新作出承诺。
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亚达瓦兰油田的工作在中断了六年之后将重新启动，但中石化尚未就其参与作出决定。
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由于制裁，美国和欧洲公司已经退出，只剩下中石化是唯一的潜在开发商。
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Xi Jinping has made a pledge to help revive the stalled Iran nuclear deal, which was initially agreed upon in 2015, and contained limits on Iran’s uranium enrichment program in return for lifting international sanctions. This has been cautiously welcomed by Washington, but observers warn that the Chinese leader’s success could be limited due to the low ebb of Beijing-Tehran ties.
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During his visit to Beijing, Xi and Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi agreed to beef up economic ties, with Iran hoping to persuade China to restart work on developing a major oil field near the Iraqi border. They issued a joint statement calling for sanctions on Iran to be lifted as a key part of restarting talks, while Xi accepted an invitation to visit Iran.
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China has criticized Washington for withdrawing from the agreement and insisted that the U.S. should make the first move in reviving the pact, which is a view echoed by Tehran. This is a stance that Beijing is likely to maintain, as the success of Xi’s efforts to revive the agreement depends on the cooperation of both the U.S. and Iran
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Ned Price, a U.S. Department of State spokesman, has called on China to signal to Iran that its destabilizing activities will not be rewarded. Jacopo Scita, a policy fellow at Bourse and Bazaar Foundation, believes that China’s remarks are consistent with its position on the Iran deal, and that the U.S. is hoping for China to urge Iran back into the JCPOA.
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Ali Ahmadi, an Iranian foreign policy expert, believes that China is not an ideal candidate to facilitate a restart of the talks due to strained Sino-U.S. relations. This is further complicated by the U.S.’s refusal to restart nuclear talks after mass protests in Iran, making it unclear when or if negotiations will take place.
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China and the U.S. have been at odds over the Iran deal, with the U.S. expecting China to pressure Iran back into the JCPOA. However, strained Sino-U.S. relations and the U.S.’s refusal to restart nuclear talks after mass protests in Iran make it unclear when or if negotiations will take place.
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Mohammad Marandi, an adviser to Iran’s negotiating team, put the onus on the U.S. when asked about Chinese President Xi Jinping’s remarks. Abd al-Rasool Divsalar, an expert on Iran affairs, believes that China’s role in moving talks forward is likely to be “very limited”, and that restarting meetings would require talks and consultations with the U.S. and European countries.
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China’s own relationship with Iran has been strained, as evidenced by Xi’s visit to Iranian foe Saudi Arabia where the two described Tehran as a supporter of regional terrorist groups and proliferator of ballistic missiles and drones. U.S.-led Western sanctions on Tehran will remain a stumbling block to implementation of the China-Iran Comprehensive Strategic Partnership signed in 2021.
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Iran is keen to leverage this week’s visit to keep China from drifting too far from a long-standing neutrality pledge, and to avoid further sanctions imposed by the U.S. on companies involved in Iranian oil exports, including several based in China.
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Sinopec, a Chinese state-owned energy giant, has yet to recommit to developing the Yadavaran Oil Field in southern Iran.
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The Yadavaran Oil Field has an estimated 3 billion barrels of recoverable oil.
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Sinopec initially got involved in the oil field back in 2007, but put its participation on hold after U.S. and European companies bowed out when Iran was hit with sanctions over the nuclear deal.
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The Yadavaran Oil Field could supply energy-hungry China with much needed resources.
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However, due to the sanctions imposed on Iran, Sinopec has yet to recommit to the project.
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Work on the Yadavaran Oil Field is slated to restart after a six-year hiatus, but Sinopec has yet to make a decision on their involvement.
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U.S. and European companies have pulled out due to the sanctions, leaving Sinopec as the only potential developer.
链接：Xi lacks diplomatic muscle on Iran nuclear talks: analysts - Nikkei Asia