欧佩克:石油输出国组织(六度百科)

目录

概述

1 欧佩克简介
2 欧佩克历史
3 欧佩克成员国
4 石油产量和储量
5 油价
6 欧佩克与全球经济
7 欧佩克与环境
8 对欧佩克的批评

参见

概述

欧佩克是一个由13个国家组成的政府间组织,由前五个成员国(伊朗,伊拉克,科威特,沙特阿拉伯和委内瑞拉)于1960年在巴格达成立,自1965年以来总部位于奥地利维也纳。

截至2018年9月,该组织当时的14个成员是阿尔及利亚、安哥拉、厄瓜多尔、赤道几内亚、加蓬、伊朗、伊拉克、科威特、利比亚、尼日利亚、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯、阿拉伯联合酋长国和委内瑞拉;印度尼西亚是前成员。

欧佩克的目标是“协调和统一其成员国的石油政策,确保石油市场的稳定,以确保向消费者提供高效,经济和定期的石油供应,为生产者提供稳定的收入,并为那些投资于石油工业的人提供公平的资本回报。

  1. 欧佩克简介

石油输出国组织(欧佩克)由前五个成员国(伊朗,伊拉克,科威特,沙特阿拉伯和委内瑞拉)于1960年在巴格达成立,自1965年以来总部设在奥地利维也纳。截至2018年9月,这13个成员国估计占全球石油产量的44%,占世界“已探明”原油储量的81.5%,使欧佩克对之前由七姐妹石油公司决定的全球油价产生重大影响。

欧佩克起源于1950年代,西方石油公司在中东发现和开采石油储量。中东的石油出口国不愿意依赖西方石油公司获得收入,因此他们成立了欧佩克作为制衡。欧佩克的既定目标是“协调和统一其成员国的石油政策,确保石油市场的稳定,以确保向消费者提供高效,经济和定期的石油供应,为生产者提供稳定的收入,并为那些投资于石油工业的人提供公平的资本回报。

欧佩克国家于1960年9月在巴格达举行了首次会议,此后又举行了多次会议,最近一次是2017年12月在维也纳举行的会议。多年来,随着各国加入和离开,该组织的成员发生了一些变化,其成员规模从10个成员到13个不等。目前的成员是阿尔及利亚、安哥拉、厄瓜多尔、赤道几内亚、加蓬、伊朗、伊拉克、科威特、利比亚、尼日利亚、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯、阿拉伯联合酋长国和委内瑞拉。

  1. 欧佩克历史

欧佩克是一个由15个国家组成的政府间组织,于1960年在伊拉克巴格达成立。其使命是“协调和统一其成员国的石油政策,确保石油市场的稳定,以确保向消费者提供高效,经济和定期的石油供应,为生产者提供稳定的收入,并为那些投资于石油工业的人提供公平的资本回报。

欧佩克由伊朗,伊拉克,科威特,沙特阿拉伯和委内瑞拉于1960年在巴格达会议上创建。卡塔尔(1961年)、印度尼西亚(1962年)、利比亚(1962年)、阿拉伯联合酋长国(1967年)、阿尔及利亚(1969年)、尼日利亚(1971年)、厄瓜多尔(1973年)、加蓬(1975年)和安哥拉(2007年)加入了五个创始国。

欧佩克因其在1973年石油危机和1979年能源危机中的作用而受到批评。2008年,当油价创下历史新高时,该组织面临进一步的批评,一些人指责欧佩克人为推高价格。

  1. 欧佩克成员国

截至2018年9月,13个成员国是阿尔及利亚、安哥拉、厄瓜多尔、赤道几内亚、加蓬、伊朗、伊拉克、科威特、利比亚、尼日利亚、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯、阿拉伯联合酋长国和委内瑞拉。这些国家控制着世界原油储量的很大一部分,生产世界每日石油产量的44%左右。

欧佩克的目标是“协调和统一其成员国的石油政策,确保石油市场的稳定,以确保向消费者提供高效,经济和定期的石油供应,为生产者提供稳定的收入,并为那些投资石油工业的人提供公平的资本回报。

  1. 石油产量和储量

截至2018年,欧佩克的产量估计为每天3270万桶,约占世界原油总产量的40%。欧佩克的储量为794亿桶,约占世界已探明石油总储量的64%。

  1. 油价

其最初目的是统一和协调其成员国的石油政策。此后,欧佩克扩大了其作用,现在还注重稳定石油市场,促进有效和经济地利用石油资源,并向欠发达国家提供技术和经济援助。

欧佩克最重要的决定是为其成员国设定生产配额。这些配额旨在通过影响全球市场的供应水平,将石油价格保持在规定范围内。欧佩克的生产配额基于该组织对全球石油需求的评估以及保持一定水平闲置产能的需要。

近年来,欧佩克受到一些成员国的压力,要求增加产量以降低高油价。然而,欧佩克拒绝了这些呼吁,认为高油价对于鼓励对该组织成员国石油资源的长期开发进行投资是必要的。

由于其生产决策,欧佩克对油价有重大影响。当欧佩克决定增加或减少产量时,这通常会导致石油价格的相应变化。因此,欧佩克的决定受到全球石油市场的密切关注,并可能对世界经济产生重大影响。

  1. 欧佩克与全球经济

欧佩克对全球经济产生了深远的影响,无论是就其自身的活动而言,还是就其对全球主要商品石油价格的影响而言。该组织因在工业化国家造成高油价和经济困难而受到批评,同时使石油生产国受益。然而,它也因帮助稳定全球经济和防止重大石油冲击而受到称赞。

  1. 欧佩克与环境

欧佩克国家致力于可持续发展和保护环境。为了实现这些目标,欧佩克采取了一些政策和举措,包括:

  • 建立欧佩克国际开发基金(OFID),帮助资助欧佩克成员国和其他发展中国家的可持续发展项目;
  • 与联合国和其他国际组织就环境问题进行合作;
  • 支持研究和开发更清洁、更高效的能源技术;
  • 投资可再生能源;
  • 努力提高能源效率;
  • 促进自然资源的保护;
  • 应对气候变化的影响。

欧佩克保护环境的努力是该组织对可持续发展的总体承诺的重要组成部分。通过努力减少排放、提高能源效率和投资可再生能源,欧佩克在应对气候变化方面发挥着关键作用。

  1. 对欧佩克的批评

欧佩克因各种原因受到批评。有人说,这是一个不公平地提高价格和限制供应的卡特尔。其他人说它是无效的,对稳定价格做得不够。一些国家,如美国,批评欧佩克在防止油价飙升方面做得不够。

欧佩克的既定目标是“协调和统一其成员国的石油政策,确保石油市场的稳定,以确保向消费者提供高效,经济和定期的石油供应,为生产者提供稳定的收入,并为那些投资于石油工业的人提供公平的资本回报。

近年来,由于美国等组织外国家的产量增加,欧佩克一直在努力维持高油价。2016年,欧佩克同意减产以提高价格。

该组织因其高价格和导致短缺的减产而受到批评。

引用

石油输出国组织。(2018). 关于欧佩克:什么是欧佩克?石油输出国组织。2018年11月29日检索自 欧佩克:成员国

石油输出国组织。(2018). 欧佩克的历史.石油输出国组织。2018年11月29日检索,来自 欧佩克:简史

石油输出国组织。(2018). 欧佩克一揽子.石油输出国组织。检索 2018年11月29日,来自 https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/22.htm

石油输出国组织。(2018). 欧佩克秘书处.石油输出国组织。检索于2018年11月29日,来自 https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/21.htm

石油输出国组织。(2018). 欧佩克成员.石油输出国组织。检索 2018年11月29日,来自 https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/20.htm

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OPEC, a cartel of oil-producing nations, has announced production cuts that will go into effect next month. The move is expected to increase the price of oil and gasoline, and has already been met with criticism from the US. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen has called the decision “unconstructive” and said it will add cost uncertainty to the global economy. The cuts come as oil prices have been rising steadily, and Saudi Arabia is worried about a sharp price downturn. OPEC+ is keen to secure $80 per barrel, and the group is concerned about the macroeconomic picture. The markets were surprised by the change in tack from OPEC+, but the group appears to be emboldened to take bolder action in order to create a materially tighter market. Despite criticism from the White House, OPEC+ is defending a higher price floor.

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), a group of 14 nations that produce and sell oil, has announced production cuts that are expected to increase demand for US oil in Asia and Europe. The organization and its allies have pledged to reduce production by 1.16 million barrels per day beginning next month.

US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen has described OPEC’s decision to cut production as an “unconstructive act” that will add cost uncertainty to the recovery from the pandemic. Yellen believes that increasing the price of oil will stoke inflation as the price of goods will increase due to higher transportation costs.

Despite criticism from the White House, OPEC+ is defending a higher price floor. The voluntary cuts could also be unwound if market conditions change.

OPEC+'s decision to cut production is an attempt to increase oil prices, which have been depressed due to the pandemic. The group believes that a higher price will help to support oil-producing nations and enable a faster recovery from the pandemic.

However, the US Treasury Secretary believes that this move will add cost uncertainty to the recovery and stoke inflation. She has called on OPEC+ to reconsider their decision.

The White House has also criticised the move, but OPEC+ is defending their decision. The cuts could be reversed if market conditions change.

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its allies have announced production cuts that are expected to increase demand for US oil in Asia and Europe. The organization and its allies have pledged to reduce production by 1.16 million barrels per day beginning next month. This is in response to the ongoing pandemic and the effect it has had on the global economy.

US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen has described OPEC’s decision to cut production as an “unconstructive act” that will add cost uncertainty to the recovery from the pandemic. Yellen believes that increasing the price of oil will stoke inflation as the price of goods will increase due to higher transportation costs. Despite criticism from the White House, OPEC+ is defending a higher price floor. The voluntary cuts could also be unwound if market conditions change.

OPEC+’s decision to cut production is a response to the ongoing pandemic and the effect it has had on the global economy. The move is expected to increase demand for US oil in Asia and Europe. The organization and its allies have pledged to reduce production by 1.16 million barrels per day beginning next month.

US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen has described OPEC’s decision to cut production as an “unconstructive act” that will add cost uncertainty to the recovery from the pandemic. Yellen believes that increasing the price of oil will stoke inflation as the price of goods will increase due to higher transportation costs. Despite criticism from the White House, OPEC+ is defending a higher price floor. The voluntary cuts could also be unwound if market conditions change.

OPEC+’s decision to cut production is a response to the ongoing pandemic and the effect it has had on the global economy. The move is expected to increase demand for US oil in Asia and Europe. The organization and its allies have pledged to reduce production by 1.16 million barrels per day beginning next month.

The voluntary cuts could also be unwound if market conditions change.

It is clear that the recent decision by OPEC+ to cut production is a controversial one. While the move is expected to increase demand for US oil in Asia and Europe, it has also been criticized by US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. Yellen believes that increasing the price of oil will stoke inflation as the price of goods will increase due to higher transportation costs. Despite criticism from the White House, OPEC+ is defending a higher price floor. The voluntary cuts could also be unwound if market conditions change.

I believe that the decision by OPEC+ to cut production is a wise one. While it may add cost uncertainty to the recovery from the pandemic, I believe that the benefits of increased demand for US oil will outweigh the costs. I also believe that the criticism from the White House is unwarranted. The decision by OPEC+ is a voluntary one, and I believe that the organization is acting in the best interests of its members.

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its allies have announced production cuts that are expected to increase demand for US oil in Asia and Europe. The organization and its allies have pledged to reduce production by 1.16 million barrels per day beginning next month. This is a significant increase in the price of oil, which will stoke inflation as the price of goods will increase due to higher transportation costs. The White House has criticized OPEC’s decision to cut production, calling it an “unconstructive act” that will add cost uncertainty to the recovery from the pandemic. Despite the criticism, OPEC+ is defending a higher price floor. The voluntary cuts could also be unwound if market conditions change.

Here are some references you might find helpful:

“OPEC+ to cut oil output by 1.16 million barrels per day from May,” Reuters, April 12, 2021.

“Yellen says OPEC+ move to cut oil output is ‘unconstructive’,” CNBC, April 12, 2021.

“OPEC+ defends price floor as U.S. criticizes output cut plan,” Bloomberg, April 12, 2021.

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